I. Breast cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that
supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast
cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new
cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the
U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life
time of a women is 1/8.
II. Types of Food to prevent and treat Breast cancer
1. Blueberry
In the study to investigate the chemopreventive activity of blueberry extract in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo, showed that Blueberry decreased cell proliferation in HCC38, HCC1937, and MDA-MB-231
cells with no effect on the nontumorigenic MCF-10A cell line. Decreased
metastatic potential of MDA-MB-231 cells by blueberry was shown through
inhibition of cell motility using wound-healing assays and migration
through a polyethylene terephthalate membrane. Blueberry treatment
decreased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the secretion
of urokinase-type plasminogen activator while increasing tissue
inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
secretion in MDA-MB-231 conditioned medium as shown by Western blotting.
Cell signaling pathways that control the expression/activation of these
processes were investigated via Western blotting and reporter gene
assay. Treatment with blueberry decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
(PI3K)/AKT and NFkappaB activation in MDA-MB-231 cells, where protein
kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were not
affected. In vivo, the efficacy of blueberry to inhibit triple-negative breast
tumor growth was evaluated using the MDA-MB-231 xenograft model. Tumor
weight and proliferation (Ki-67 expression) were decreased in
blueberry-treated mice, where apoptosis (caspase-3 expression) was
increased compared with controls. Immunohistochemical analysis of tumors
from blueberry-fed mice showed decreased activation of AKT and p65
NFkappaB signaling proteins with no effect on the phosphorylation of
ERK(1).
2. White button mushroom
Flavones and isoflavones have been shown to be inhibitors of aromatase, it is thought that vegetables that contain these phytochemicals can inhibit aromatase activity and suppress breast cancer cell proliferation. DR. Grube BJ, and the research team at Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, showed that The white button mushroom (species Agaricus bisporus) suppressed
aromatase activity dose dependently. Enzyme kinetics demonstrated mixed
inhibition, suggesting the presence of multiple inhibitors or more than
one inhibitory mechanism. "In cell" aromatase activity and cell
proliferation were measured using MCF-7aro, an aromatase-transfected breast cancer cell line. Phytochemicals in the mushroom aqueous extract inhibited aromatase activity and proliferation of MCF-7aro cells(2).
3. Rosemary and Sage
Carnosol found abundantly in Rosemary and sage has exerted the protective effect against several types of cancer, including prostate, breast, skin, leukemia, and colon cancer and has been evaluated for anti-cancer property in prostate, breast, skin, leukemia, and colon cancer
with promising results. These studies have provided evidence that
carnosol targets multiple deregulated pathways associated with
inflammation and cancer
that include nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), apoptotic related proteins,
phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3 K)/Akt, androgen and estrogen
receptors, as well as molecular targets. In addition, carnosol appears
to be well tolerated in that it has a selective toxicity towards cancer cells versus non-tumorigenic cells and is well tolerated when administered to animals(3).
4. Red wine
In study of red wine intake and its beneficial health effects on the proliferation of hormone-dependent breast cancer cells found that the estrogenic activity of PIC(piceatannol) and MYR(myricetin)
might be considered at least as a potential factor in the association
of red wine intake and breast tumors, particularly in postmenopausal
women, according to "The red wine phenolics piceatannol and myricetin act as agonists for estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells" by Maggiolini M, Recchia AG, Bonofiglio D, Catalano S, Vivacqua A, Carpino A, Rago V, Rossi R, Andò S.(4)
5. Soy
In a study of " Biological effects of a diet of soy protein rich in
isoflavones on the menstrual cycle of premenopausal women" , by A Cassidy, S Bingham and KD Setchell (Source
from Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Cambridge, UK. ) posted in The
Americal Journal Clinical Nutrition, researchers indicated that these
effects are presumed to be due to nonsteroidal
estrogens of the isoflavone class, which behave as partial
estrogen agonists/antagonists. The responses to soy protein
are potentially beneficial with respect to risk
factors for breast cancer and may in part explain
the low incidence of breast cancer and its correlation with a high
soy intake in Japanese and Chinese women(4).
Other suggested high dietary levels
of soy isoflavones do not stimulate breast or uterine proliferation
in postmenopausal monkeys and may contribute to an
estrogen profile associated with reduced breast cancer risk(6). One study indicated that Soy isoflavone genistein induces cell death in breast cancer cells through mobilization of endogenous copper ions and generation of reactive oxygen species(7)
6. Etc.
Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes
Secret To A Vibrant
And Healthy Lifestyle
That You Can Find
Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.
For the series of Foods to prevent and treat cancers, visit http://foodstopreventandtreatcancers.blogspot.ca/p/phytochemical-in-foods-to-prevent-and.html
For more health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20388778
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739882
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21382660
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16216908
(5) http://www.ajcn.org/content/60/3/333.abstract
(6) http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/89/7/3462.short
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21462322
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