(Phytochemicals in) Foods to Prevent and Treat Cancers - -Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)

I. Kidney
Kidney is an essential organ of our body, beside it is best known for its function in the urinary system, it also regulates regulation of electrolytes, blood pressure, maintains acid-base balance, produces hormone calcitriol, renin, and erythropoietin, etc. In the urinary system, kidney filters blood with billions of glomeruli by separating the cells of blood from plasma. As the plasma passing into the tubules, some necessary substances are reabsorbed back into the blood, while others waste, such as urea and ammonium are stored into pelvis then into the ureter to the bladder.

II. Renal cell carcinoma (Kidney cancer/renal cells)Renal cell carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer caused by malignant cells of the limning of the tubules in the kidney. It tends first to spread via bloodstream and the second tumor generally found in the lung, but it may also spread to lymph nodes and other organs as well.

III. Types of Food to prevent and treat Renal cell carcinoma (Kidney cancer/renal cells)
1. Turmeric
Curcumin (1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1E,6E-heptadiene-3,5-dione or diferuloyl methane) is a polyphenol derived from the Curcuma longa plant, commonly known as turmeric.Dr. Kössler S and scientists at the  Paracelsus Medical University, in the study of Curcumin affects cell survival and cell volume regulation in human renal and intestinal cells showed that Curcumin exposure induces apoptosis in human kidney cells, and at a concentration of 5.0-10 μM induces the appearance of a sub-population of cells with a dramatically increased volume. In these cells the regulation of the cell volume seems to be impaired, most likely as a consequence of the ICl(swell) blockade. Similarly, 50 μM curcumin induced apoptosis, caused cell cycle arrest in G1-phase and increased the volume of human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. The cell cycle arrest in G1 phase may be the mechanism underlying the volume increase observed in this cell line after exposure to curcumin

2. Green tea
EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate) is a phytochemical found in green tea has showed to protect against the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma. "Before and after EGCG treatment, real-time methylation specific PCR could not detect methylation status of TFPI-2 gene promoter in cell line 786-0. In vivo invasiveness and metastasis test did not indicate any significant differences between control and treatment group. Our results suggest that EGCG inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma through TFPI-2 overexpression. This is the first report showing that EGCG is likely to be an effective agent for renal cell carcinoma" said scientists at the Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University(2).

3. Skins of grape and red wine
Resveratrol (Res) is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc. has potential to be used in treating kidney cancer. In the study to investigated the effects of Res on the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and on cell proliferation in human renal cancer (786-0) cells, suggested that Res inhibited the expression of the VEGF gene, and its inhibitory effect increased according to the concentration and treatment time. These results indicate that Res significantly inhibits the proliferation of 786-0 cells and exerts an antitumor effect by suppressing the expression of the VEGF gene(3).

4. Garlic
Aiallyl trisulfide (allitride), a phytochemical found in garlic has a potential effect in protect against renal cancer cells. Dr. Liu H and research team at the Henan University Huaihe hospital, said " Allitride kill Ketr-3 effectively by inducing apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest and up-regulation of Caspase-3 may play an important role in the mechanisms of killing effect"(4).

5. Bilberries and cranberries
Triterpenoid, is a group of phytochemicals found in Bilberries and cranberries. In the study to investigate the effect of the synthetic triterpenoid C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9,-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me; bardoxolone methyl) in MC38 colon carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma, and EL-4 thymoma mouse tumor models, as well as blood samples from patients with renal cell cancer and soft tissue sarcoma, indicated that CDDO-Me abrogated the immune suppressive effect of MDSCs and improved immune responses in tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. It may represent an attractive therapeutic option by enhancing the effect of cancer immunotherapy
(5).


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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178266
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19212621
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21687947
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21574149
(5) http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2010/03/07/1078-0432.CCR-09-3272