Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found
naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains,
etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells
growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have
become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads
to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in
death.
Can food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers?. Many studies
have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever
reasons, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can
not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmaceutical or foods
industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the
phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as
phytochemicals can not be patented.
I. Bowel Cancer (Colon and rectum)
Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells
in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Bowl is divided in 2
parts, the first part of the bowel, the small bowl, is involved with the
digestion and absorption of food. The 2nd part, the large bowel
which consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of
water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain
materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be re
absorbed and reused by the body. Bowel cancer is relatively very common
and slowly growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.
Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including U>S and Canada.
II. Types of bowel cancer
1. Adenocarcinomas
Most
bowel cancers are adenocarcinomas, originated in epithelium tissues,
including the surface layer of skin, glands and their tissues that line
the cavities and organs of the body.
2. Squamous cell cancers
Squamous cells are the skin like cells that make up the bowel lining together with the gland cells. Squamous cell cancers are rare with the risk of 25 per 100000.
Other bowel tumours
3. Carcinoid
Carcinoid
is an unusual type of slow growth neuroendocrine tumor. It looks
benign but might spread to other parts of the body as they grow in
hormone producing tissue in the digestive system.
4. Leiomyosarcomas
Leiomyosarcomas
are the rare and resistant types of bowel cancer and generally not
very responsive to chemotherapy or radiation. They are malignant
abnormal mass of tissue of smooth muscles of colon, comprising between
5–10% of soft tissue sarcomas.
5. Lymphomas
Bowel
lymphomas are rare and more likely to start in the rectum rather in
the colon. Many patients with lymphomas are diagnosed in the late stage
and already spread to other organs.
6. Melanomas
Melanomas are rare malignant
tumor of cells that produce the dark pigment. This type of bowel
cancer usually originates from somewhere else and then spread to the
bowel.
7. Etc.
III. Types of Food to Prevent and Treat Bowel Cancer (Colon and rectum)
1. Coffee
Epidemiological studies suggest that coffee consumption reduces the risk of cancers, including colon cancer,
but the molecular mechanisms and target(s) underlying the
chemopreventive effects of coffee and its active ingredient(s) remain
unknown. Dr. Kang NJ
, and scientists in the University of Minnesota, found that Coffee or caffeic acid (CaA) strongly suppressed mitogen-activated MEK1
and TOPK activities and bound directly to either MEK1 or TOPK in an
ATP-noncompetitive manner. Coffee or CaA, but not caffeine, inhibited
ERKs phosphorylation, AP-1 and NF-κB transactivation and subsequently
inhibited TPA-, EGF- and H-Ras-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6
P+ cells. Coffee consumption was also associated with a significant
attenuation of ERKs phosphorylation in colon cancer patients(1).
2. Green tea
pigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent in green tea has been exerted protective effects against proliferation and migration of the human colon cancer SW620 cells. In the study of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits proliferation and migration of human colon cancer SW620 cells in vitro found that EGCG blocks the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells induced by
PAR2-AP and factor VIIa via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways.
The compound may serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for colon cancers(2).
3. Extra-virgin olive oil
"EVOO-derived complex phenols (especially from the Arbequina variety
olive) have been shown to suppress cell growth of SW480 and HT29 human colon
adenocarcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of proliferation by EVOO-PE
Arbequina variety extract was accompanied by apoptosis in both colon-cancer-cell lines and a limited G₂M cell-cycle arrest in the case of SW480 cells" said Dr. v and the research team at the University of Granada(3).
4. Wheat bran
Phytic acid (PA) found abundantly in Wheat bran is a natural antioxidant and may have numerous health benefits. Dr. Khatiwada J, and the research team at the North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, indicated that This experiment was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of
combinations of 1% and 2% GT, PA, and inositol (I) in reducing the
incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon
tumors in Fisher 344 male rats. After an acclimatization period of 1
week, nine groups of rats (15 rats per group) were initially assigned to
consume AIN 93 G diet and later AIN 93 M diet after 20 weeks of age.
Treatments were given in drinking water. All rats received azoxymethane
injections (16 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously at 7 and 8 weeks of
age. Rats were killed at 45 weeks of age by CO(2) euthanasia. Tumor
incidence (93.76%) and the number of tumors per tumor-bearing rat ratio
(2.25) were significantly (P<.05) higher in the control group
compared with treatment groups. Glutathione S-transferase activity was
significantly (P<.05) higher in rats fed combinations of 2% GT+PA+I
and GT+PA (33.25 ± 1.23 and 29.83 ± 1.10 μmol/mL, respectively) compared
with other groups(4).
5. Berries
Dr. Brown EM and the research team at the University of Ulste, in the study of Mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative effects of berry components in in vitro models of colon cancer, said "Berries are a common element of Western diets, with members of the
Rubus, Fragria, Sorbus, Ribes and Vaccinum genus featuring in desserts,
preserves, yoghurts and juices. These soft fruit are rich in bioactive phytochemicals
including several classes of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids
(anthocyanins, flavonols and flavanols) and phenolic acids
(hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids). Whilst there is little data
linking berry consumption to reduced risk of colorectal cancer, in vitro
evidence from models representing colorectal cancer suggests that berry
polyphenols may modulate cellular processes essential for cancer cell
survival, such as proliferation and apoptosis"(5).
6. Etc.
Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes
Secret To A Vibrant
And Healthy Lifestyle
That You Can Find
Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.
For the series of Foods to prevent and treat cancers, visit http://foodstopreventandtreatcancers.blogspot.ca/p/phytochemical-in-foods-to-prevent-and.html
For more health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.ca
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21317303
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101170
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22365054
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501094
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21466426
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